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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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1990-12-01
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|┤wz¢╨I¿ }««POLAND
It's Back to Work We Go
September 12, 1988
With talks on, Solidarity may be set for a revival
After two weeks of growing tensions, the mooed inside the Lenin
shipyard in Gdansk suddenly brightened. Clad in scruffy trousers and
jackets, some of the workers occupying the facility joked with one
another and guzzled soft drinks. As the afternoon sun beat down on
the Baltic port, 3,000 men gathered to sing the Polish national
anthem. Then the gates of the shipyard swung open and the throng
poured into the streets, marking the beginning of the end of the
worst labor unrest to shake Poland since 1981.
The shipyard workers voted to end their strike following an emotional
appeal from Lech Walesa, leader of the outlawed Solidarity union and
an electrician at the facility. They were followed by steel-mill
employees in Stalowa Wola and coal-mine workers in Jastrzebie, where
the latest round of labor troubles began on Aug. 16. The last to
settle were port and public transport employees in Szczecin, who
abandoned their strikes around noon on Saturday.
Walesa acted just hours after he achieved a breakthrough in his
relations with the Communist regime of General Wojciech Jaruzelski.
He held three hours of talks in Warsaw with Interior Minister General
Czeslaw Kiszczak, the first time senior Polish officials have granted
Walesa a role in the nation's affairs since 1981, when they imposed
martial law, suppressed Solidarity and put the union leader in
detention. Kiszczak said if the strikes were halted, the regime
would set up a round table for serious negotiations on the economy,
presumably including workers' demands for better wages, housing and
food stocks.
Walesa risked his credibility by calling for an end to the strikes,
which had attracted broad sympathy. But in return, Walesa obtained a
pledge from Kiszczak that could revive the union leader's power and
the diminishing influence of Solidarity: the regime agreed to
discuss during the round-table talks lifting the ban on Solidarity,
which Walesa founded in 1980 as the first independent trade union in
the Communist bloc.
Shipyard workers generally greeted the news triumphantly. But some
youthful militant strikers, dubbed the "young savages," were sharply
critical that Walesa failed to get a firm commitment that Solidarity
will be legalized again. "I have obtained over 100% of what was
possible with what strength I have," said Walesa amid disapproving
whistles during a speech at the Lenin shipyard. He later told the
workers that he chose the "path of agreement" because a repeat of
their earlier struggle with the regime could lead to civil war.
Similar fears seem to have spurred Jaruzelski's regime. If Polish
officials in fact persuaded Walesa to call off the strikes, they were
surprisingly sympathetic to the economic grievances behind them. At
a Central Committee meeting, Jaruzelski acknowledged that because of
shortages the "daily life of Poles has become not only hard but also
demeaning."
A genuine worker-government accord still seems distant. No schedule
has been set for the round-table talks. Although Solidarity will
probably not be tolerated as a national movement that could challenge
the regime's authority once again, the union may eventually be
permitted to act on the factory level.
Jaruzelski's regime is clearly concerned about the new generation of
strikers, who seem to care less about Walesa's fame than about
getting better living conditions as quickly as possible. Admitted
Wladyslaw Baka, the Central Committee secretary responsible for
economic affairs: "No agreements, no reconciliation, no discussions
will help us unless we can achieve visible results in improving our
economy." Given the pathetic state of Poland's economy, that will be
a difficult task even without the drain of further labor unrest.
--By Scott Macleod.
Reported by Tadeusz Kucharski/Warsaw and Gertraud Lessing/Vienna